Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

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LifeCare Diagnostic Medical Centre

April 4, 2019

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, as the name implies, is a liver disease where there is increased amount of fat deposited in liver cells.

It consists of a spectrum of conditions and they are as stated below:

Simple fatty liver – a build-up of fat tissues in liver cells, usually asymptomatic, detected incidentally upon ultrasound of abdomen
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) – the liver becomes inflamed, usually causing deranged liver enzymes in blood test results
Fibrosis – Scarring of the liver after persistent inflammation
Cirrhosis – Hardening and shrinking of the liver after repetitive inflammation and scarring. This is the most severe stage of NAFLD. Besides leading to liver failure, it increases one’s risk for liver cancer

Risk Factors of NAFLD

While it is hard to say why some people develop fatty liver while others are spared, and why some fatty liver progresses to inflammation and fibrosis while some do not, a few of the following factors have been linked to increased risk of developing NAFLD :

Central obesity and overweight
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and prediabetes (high blood sugar level)
High Cholesterol
High triglyceride level
High blood pressure
Metabolic syndrome
Hypothyroidism
Smoke
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Signs & Symptoms of NAFLD

There are hardly any signs and symptoms at early stages, but for some, they may experience:

Fatigue
Exhaustion
Poor appetite
Pain in upper right abdomen area

As the disease progresses and worsens to cirrhosis, there will be yellowing of skin and white of eyes, abdominal swelling, leg swelling, dilated superficial small vessels around chest area, confusion, memory loss and etc.

About 20% of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis will progress to cirrhosis

What Tests To Perform?

Blood test for liver function, and test to rule out other causes such as hepatitis.
Fatty liver may be spotted during an ultrasound scan of your abdomen. We will proceed to the Fatty Liver & Liver Fibrosis test for staging. The test measures fatty change and any scarring of the patient’s liver.
Some patients may need further biopsy test.

Steps to Prevent the Development and Progression of NAFLD

Making healthy lifestyle choices is an important step in addition to regular medical check-ups.

Maintain a healthy diet – have a balanced meal rich in vegetables and fruits, and low in fat, sugar and salt.
Maintain an ideal BMI – ideal BMI according to WHO is 18.5-24.9 kg/m2. However, for Asians, our ideal BMI falls between 18.5-22.9kg/m2 (calculate BMI with BMI calculator); losing more than 10% of body weight may help reduce fat tissues from the liver.
Exercise regularly – aim for 150min/per week of moderate-intensity exercises such as brisk walking or slow jogging; you may start with a shorter duration and slowly build up your exercise tolerance.
Stop smoking.
Take medication to help keep blood sugar, blood pressure, cholesterol and triglyceride within the normal range if you have these medical problems.
Stop drinking alcohol – although alcohol is not a causative factor in NAFLD, but drinking may worsen it.

For more information, please call us at +603-2241 3610 or email us at info@lifecare.com.my

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