Diabetes is a chronic condition that arises when the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin or when the body can’t effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin acts as a key, regulating blood glucose by allowing it into cells for energy. In the absence of enough insulin or when cells resist its effects, excess blood sugar accumulates.

Hyperglycemia, also known as elevated blood sugar, is a common consequence of uncontrolled diabetes. Over time, it inflicts severe damage, particularly to the nerves and blood vessels.

Plasma glucose issues encompass a continuum, progressing from prediabetes (including impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance) to full-blown diabetes mellitus.