Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus connecting to the vagina. It is a significant health concern for women worldwide but is also one of the most preventable and treatable forms of cancer when detected early.
Nearly all people who are sexually active will become infected with HPV at some point in their lives. Typically, the immune system effectively clears most HPV infections within a year or two. Short-term infections, resolved by the immune system, do not pose a cancer risk. However, a prolonged high-risk HPV infection can cause alterations in cervical cells, leading to the formation of precancerous lesions. If these lesions go undetected and untreated, there is a potential progression to cervical cancer over time. Thus, HPV vaccination is recommended for female age 9 to 45 years old of age for prevention of cervical cancer caused by certain type of HPV.
Tobacco by-products have been found in the cervical mucus of women who smoke. Researchers believe that these substances damage the DNA of cervix cells and may contribute to the development of cervical cancer. Smoking also makes the immune system less effective in fighting HPV infections.
Women with HIV/AIDS or those taking drugs to suppress their immune response, such as those being treated for an autoimmune disease are at risk of cervical cancer
There is evidence that taking oral contraceptives (OCs) for a long time increases the risk of cancer of the cervix.
Women with three or more full-term pregnancies are at an increased risk of cervical cancer, likely due to heightened exposure to HPV during sexual activity. Hormonal changes in pregnancy may also increase susceptibility to HPV infection or cancer growth. Additionally, weakened immune systems during pregnancy could contribute to HPV infection and cancer development.
Becoming sexually active at a young age especially younger than 18 years old, multiple sexual partners or having one partner who is having HPV infection can increase the risk of cervical cancer due to more exposure with HPV infection
In its early stages, cervical cancer may not exhibit any symptoms. However, as the cancer progresses, women may experience:
Early diagnosis significantly improves the chances of successful treatment. The most common screening method is the Pap smear, where a sample of cervical cells is collected and examined for abnormalities.
Additionally, an HPV test may be conducted to detect the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus, a leading cause of cervical cancer. If abnormalities are identified, a colposcopy is often performed—a procedure to closely examine the cervix.
Further confirmation comes from a biopsy, where a small tissue sample is collected and analysed in a laboratory to determine the presence of cancerous cells.
Cervical cancer is typically staged from 0 to IV, indicating the extent and severity of the disease. Staging helps healthcare professionals determine the most appropriate treatment plan.
Understanding cervical cancer and taking proactive steps can significantly impact women’s health. Early detection through screenings and preventive measures is key. Stay informed, undergo routine screenings, and adopt a healthy lifestyle to reduce your risk. Remember, early detection saves lives.
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Life Care Diagnostic Medical Centre Sdn. Bhd. (673106-V)
Bangsar South
1st Floor, Wisma Lifecare,
No. 5, Jalan Kerinchi, Bangsar South,
59200 Kuala Lumpur
Cheras South
19A-2 & 19B-2, Block E, Kompleks Komersil Akasa,
Jalan Akasa, Akasa Cheras Selatan,
43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor
Operating Hour:
Monday – Friday: 8.00am – 5.00pm
Saturday: 8.00am – 1.00pm
Sunday & Public Holidays: Closed
